System of reinforcement for concrete and similar structures.



PATENTED SEPT. 4, 1906 vI). B. LUTEN.

SYSTEM OF REINFORCEMENT FOR CONCRETE AN D SIMILAR STRUCTURES.

APPLICATION IILBD FEB.13,190

v I V/ Eli/7263265,

'To all whom it may concern:

1 outrun s resses rarest DANIEL B. LUTEN, UH lNDlAh AlOl JS, IND ANA.

SYSlEM 0F REINFORCEMENT FOR CONCRETE AND SlMlLAR STRUCTURES.

No. scones.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Fatented Sept. 4;, 1906 Application filed February 13,1905. Serial No. 245,366.

.Be it known that I, DANIEL B. LUTEN, a citizen of the United States, residing at In dianapolis, Indiana,'l1ave invented certain new and useful Improvements in Systems of Reinforcement for Concrete and Similar Structures, of which the following is a specificaticu;

' My invention relates to improvements in meansfor reinforcing masonry structures, and more particularly concrete structures. The reinforcement most commonly used in such structures at the present time consists of smooth steel rods which are embedded in thcmaterial of the structure and serve to take up tension in the same, being at the i same time protected from deterioration by the surrounding material. This form of re info rcement 18 especially advantageous on account or the chea ness of tne rods, the fact that they are a step e article of merchandise, and the ease with which they may be handled icient rigidity to retain such form While the build into the structure.

supply more resistance than is necessary concrete or other material is being placed in .position. 'An objection to this type of 'strengthenin means, however, 's alleged to e iiist in the act that the concrete or other material of the structure may slip upon the rods or other smooth members, and thus cause cracking and weakening of the structure, with the possibilit oi' its ultimate failure. Several plans, t erefore, have been proposed for preventing this sli ping of the material upon the tension mem ers, among which may be mentioned the use of twisted iron or steel bars, bars with transverse projcctions .or corrugations of various sorts, mesh reinforcements of wires electrically welded together at intersections, expanded metal, &c. Such devices, however, on. account of their inherent weakness become impracticable in cases Where heavy reinforcements are required and are more expensive than plaln reinforcing members.

Moreover, ,they are not usually in economical form and represent some waste in material. Again, in

the case of mesh forms of strengthening mediums they are unwieldy and difficult to is all cases they simply to prevent slipping.

.be ei'nfployed.

a reinforcement for concrete structures and the like that shall embody the advantages of both types mentioned above, so for as cheapness, convenience, and non-slipping qualities concerned, without the disadvantages of either. in accomplishing this ob ject I propose using plain steel or iron forms-such as smooth rods, channel-bars, cables, sheets, or other members of elfieient cross-section for resisting iension as a )Il-- mary system of rcint'orcemmit that s iall have su'ilicient strength to resist the tensile stress to which they may be subjected by the structure. In order to prevent the slipping of concrete on. these rods or other parts comprising the primary system and realizing that if the concrte can be held together through the regions oi tension. it cannot slip on the primary rods or members, 1 bond the concrete together through these regions of tension by a secondary system ol reintoreemerit, consisting of corrugated rods, twisted rods, Wire mesh, expanded mctahm' other section designed to prevent slipping, such second ary system preferably following closely the n'iain. or primary system and being also preferably attached to the same at intervals for convenience in building; the structure. Thus as a main reinforcement- I am enabled to utilize the. more economical and convenient forms, and only as a secondary reinforcement which. requires less material am 1 required to use members of the more expensive and unwieldy non-slipping type. in this way sui'l'ieient nonslippingr quality is imparted to the reinforcrunciu; as .a whole, and amorc eilicient and economical system of reinforcement than heretofore results.

My invention is illustrated by the aid of the acecnnpanying drawings, forming a part of this specification, in which the same. reference characters are used througliout to designate like parts, and in which- .Figure .l. is a longitudinal sectional View of a beam oi" concrete or like material reinforced by a primary and secondary system, as above mentioned. Fig. 2 is a cross-sec tion of a similar structure, showing various arrangements of the primary and secondary systems of reinforceing members which may Fig. 3 longitudinal section 0' an arch. embodying; the same features. Fig. 4 is a cross-section of a conduit or sewer,

, showing the improvement supplied thereto; In my present invention '1 seek to provide and Figs. 5, 6, 7, and 8 are detail views of various materials which may be en'iployed in the secondary system.

In Fig. 1, 2 represents a beam of concrete or like material having suitable end supports 3 and 4. In the beam 2 the primary system of reinforcement is indicated at 5. this being a steel tension-rod or sheet of steel or cable or any other desired smooth section capable of resisting the tensile stress. This tension member, as is indicated, passes through. the lower ed go of the beam Ll at its central portion. 6, which the region of greatest tension in the beam, and its ends curve up toward the upper edges ol the beam, as is indicated in. the draw ings, and may be suitably anchored in any desired way, by special members embedded in the nmterial of the beam or simply by the adhesion of the material. Another tension 1nember7isindi cated in this beam, which. isloeatcd through-- out near the lower edge of the same and is capable of resisting tension at all points along said edge. These members 5 and 7 may both be used or they maybe used singly and constitute what I have termed the prin'iary system of reinl orccmcnt! inasmuch as the greatest tension in the beam occurs in the region adjacent to point e, l bond this portion of the beam together by means o l' the secondary system oi rein.hvrcemont n, which cons'sts of some ol'licient nonrslipping r sec tion, such as wire mesh, twisted, corrir ml, or other irregular rods, expanded. metal, dine, and place the same adjacent the rods 5 and 7 through the region of greatest tension. This secondary systen'i prevent. the rraching of the crmcrcte and therefore its slipping upon the rods 5 or 7. it being undi'irstood that the members 5, 7 and 8 are all embedded in the material of the beam. As a means of conveniently building the structure the said secondary system 8 may be merely laid upon the rods or members 5 or, if desired, it may be wired or otherwise secured thereto to hold it in place, as indicated at 8".

In Fig. 2 I have iniilieated various relative positions for the primary and sreondary systems, the nun'icrals 9, l0, and it indicating the primary system, and l 2 the second er; s tem associated with the members 9, this see ndary system consisting of the mesh term of reinforcement, a sheet oi which is pl; ed just above the members In connee ion with the main members 10 l have shown the secondary system 13 as consisting of twisted square rods located beneath the main memhers. The secondary system that cooperates with the main members 1] I have indi cated as twisted square rods placed above the main tension members 1., and inboth 0f the latter cases I havcshown the second: ary system as consisting ol two rods placed one on either side of the main members. it is obvious that any desired arrangement and position of these main and secondary members ma r be employed, the idcirbemg to in each case so dispose the secondary system ill ii t t th tl h matitwi )onc tieconcie e ego or lroug the regions of tension, so that it cannot crack or g ve andshp upon the meinliersof the main system. i

In Fig. 3 I have indicated this methodof reuil'orcenient applied to an. arch, in thlsj' instance the arch consisting of a ring 15, sup

ported at its ends upon the abutments 16.

v.l have also indicated the main tension ri'iembei's as a plurality of series ofrods 17,- 18-,

and 13), passing alternately across the tr the arch and through the regions of ten sion at the intra'dos and cxtrados, but'with the iliiliu'ent series crossing the archring at difl'erent longitudinal points, an arrangement which is lound desirable where the exact location of the tension. are-as cannot be definitely ascertained.

As shown at thecenti" of the. arch, .l. have located the secondary system 20 upon the upper side of the rods l'i,

l8, and 19 to bond the concrete together at the crown in the .intradosysaid secondary}? iifw-zitimlsshown might be arranged in-a dil ierent manner with respect to the main tension member-s its, forinstance, by lacin the same upon the other side of 8%; sai main membcrs--but for convenience in erecting the arch the relative location shown is deemed preferable, since they may be readily attached to the main members, so as to be heid in position during the erection of the arch. fl, suitable itllCllOIzIgO may be provided for the main nnmibers. The secondary system in this instance also effectually bonds the material of the arch through the regions of tensii'in, so that it cannot crack and slip upon the main tension members.

in Fig. i} there is indicated a'stilldifierent form of structure, but in which the same In this hgure the cross-section of a conduit or sewer method-of reini'orci-nnent is applied.

is indicated at 22 and the main tension n1em- In this instance, as in. the case of Fig.

her at 23, the latter being disposed to resist" I tension in the regions of tension. in the conduit which is produced therein by vertical ressure. before stated, may consist of any efficient non-slipping section, isapplied at 24, 25, 26, and 27 to bond the concrete at the various regions of tension and prevent its slipping The secondary system which, asv

upon the main tension members 23; but it is evident that such secondary system may be located upon the opposite side of the main members l'roni that shown.

assess Fi 5 shows a wire mesh 28 which may i hi her elastic limit and a rou -hened or dc--6 D l u C D be employed as the material of a secondary system.

Fig. 6 indicates a twisted square rod 29, which may also be used for this purpose, and in Fig. 7 another noii slipping member is indic ated, which consists of a rod provided with transverse projections formed thereon in any desired manner.

It is obvious that this method of reinforcement may be applied to various other structures-such astimks, columns, floors, &c.--and that the arrangement may be varied to suit the different conditions of use.

I prefer thatthe primary reinforcementot a my uwention be 01' material having a low elastic limit and the secondary reinforcement of materialhaving a high elasticliniit. Thus a low-tension or mild or soft steel may be employed for the primary reinforcement and.

a hightension steel for the secondary system.

I claini-- 1. A concrete structural member reinforced with main members of mild or soft.

steel or iron and secondary members of roughened hard ste al.

2. A structural member of concrete reinforced Withmainmembers oi low-tension metal and With secondary members of roughened high-tension metal.

3. A structural member of concrete having embedded therein reinforcing members of sinobth low-tension metal crossing from one tension-surface to another, and. other reinpoints and roughened bars confined to each tension region.

7. A concretestructural member hayim main reinforcing members or. smooth meta l passing throu h a tension region and beyond to secure anc io'rage, and other members of corrugated twisted or deformed metal of different elastic limit embedded Within the torn sion region.

S. In a concrete or similar structure, the combination with a primary system of reinforcement of material having a low elastic limit embedded therein, of a secondary systom of reinforcement of material. having a formed surface, substantia ly as described.

ll. A structural member having embedded tl'ierein two kinds of reinforcing neinbers, one having a low elastic limit, the other a high elastic limit.

H). A structural m mber ol' concrete having cn'iliu-rdded therein a reinl ori member of metal of low elastic limit and another of 1 metal of higher elastic limit.

it. A concrete striuturai member having embedded. therein near one surtaceroughened and smooth I'GllliOlTGBlTlGI'l t, the smooth reinforcement curving away from the roughened. reinforcement and across the member at alternating points.

12. A concrete structural member having smooth and rough reinforcing members embedded a r gion of tension, the roughened reinforcement continuing along the tensionsuriace, While the smooth reinforcement curves out of the tension region and across the memb er, the material of one reinforcement being of higher elastic limit than the other.

33. A structural member of concrete having embedded thereiureintorcing members following a tcnsion-surfacc and curving away from the surface at different longitudinal Points, and other roughened reinforcing memoers continuing along the tension-surface.

is. A structural member of concretehaving en'ibedded therein smooth reinforcing members passing from surface to surface across the body of the member at alternating points and roughened members adjacent to 'the surfaces only.

A structural member. having roughcued. i'i'iei'nbers embedded therein near each surface, and smooth reinforcing members passing from near one of the surfaces to, the other.

l 16. A concrete structural member having roughened metal bars embedded therein near ing members following closely a portion of the unloaded sin'face, and then crossing to the loaded. surface, and other roughened members tollowin g one surface closely.

it A rder, beam, or arch of concrete or sii'nilar material lnwing reinforcing members following Eilesely the tensioil-surfaces, with a corrugated, twisted, or deformed bar embedded in the tension region in a parallel direction.

20. A girder, beam or arch of concrete, reinforced by smooth rods or bars following closely the lower surface, other smooth IIC - bars crossing from the lower surface to the upper, and corrugated, twisted ordeformed bars following closely the lower surface.

' 21.- A concrete arch having smooth rods 5 embedded therein, said rods passing near the inner surface and crossin to the outer'sun face and roughened bars ollowing the inner and outer surfaces se arately;

22. Aconcrete are having roughened re '10 nforcm members embedded near either sur- Y face, an other reinforcin members crossing from near one surface to t e other. i. 23. A concrete arch having roughened.

bars embedded near intrados or extrados,

I 5' and other bars crossing from intrados to extrados diagonally across the arch-rib. 24. A concrete arch with corrugated,twisted-or deformed bars embedded near both surfaces, and other bars crossing the arch-rib. 2o 25. A concrete archwith roughened reinforcing members near portions of the intrados and others near portions of the extrados al-',

ternately opposite, and smooth reinforcing tension re ions. 35" I Signed by me at Indianapolis, county of r Marion, State of Indiana, in the'presence of two Witnesses.

DANIEL B. LUTEN.

' Witnesses:

ARMINTA MAE SMITH,

MURAT W. HOPKINS. 

